remi_jakovlevic | имена / глаголы (англ.)

Два слова о статье, указанной goloslov ("звучание" [англ.] существительных и глаголов принципиально отлично ) в terra_linguarum.

В предыдущей публикации (Phonological and Distributional Cues in Syntax Acquisition...) Reali & Christiansen & Monaghan приводят интересный список возможных фонологических отличий между Именами и Глаголами:

Nouns have more syllables than verbs (Kelly, 1992)
Bisyllabic nouns have 1st syllable stress, verbs tend to have 2nd syllable stress (Kelly & Bock, 1988)
Inflection -ed is pronounced /d/ for verbs, /@d/ or /Id/ for adjectives (Marchand, 1969)
Stressed syllables of nouns have more back vowels than front vowels. Verbs have more front vowels than back vowels (Sereno & Jongman, 1990)
Nouns have more low vowels, verbs have more high vowels (Sereno & Jongman, 1990)
Nouns are more likely to have nasal consonants (Kelly, 1992)
Nouns contain more phonemes per syllable than verbs (Kelly, 1996)
Phonological and Distributional Cues in Syntax Acquisition: Scaling-Up the Connectionist Approach to Multiple-Cue Integration
Кроме того:
Adults are more likely to use a nonsense word as a noun when it is multisyllabic or has stress on the first syllable "Phon. & Distr. Cues...")

В новой статье делается попытка подтвердить эти данные методами перцептивного анализа.
step 1
(почему-то односложные слова не принимались во внимание, жаль)
We represented each word in terms of three phoneme slots for onset,two slots fornucleus, and three slots for the coda, with phonemes represented in terms of eleven phonemic features (adapted from ref. 19). For each pair of words, the phonemes were shuffled between each phoneme slot within the onset, nucleus, or coda positions to minimize the Euclidean distance between the words. Thus, when ‘‘kelp’’ is compared with ‘‘street,’’ the alignment would be .k..lp. and st?ii.t.(where ‘‘.’’denotes an empty slot)

Step2
To produce a single measure of phonological typicality for both nouns and verbs, we subtracted the distance from a given word to all verbs from the distance from that word to all nouns.Negative values indicate that the word is closer to nouns and, thus, has a noun-like phonology, whereas positive values indicate that the
word has a verb-like phonology because it is closer to verbs. For example, m?b?l has a phonological typicality of 8.93-9.49= 0,56, indicating that "marble" has a noun like phonology. Based on the results of experiment1, we predicted that noun-like nouns would be read more quickly than verb-likenouns. We identified 10 verbs that exhibit a strong structural bias to be followed by a noun phrase(NP). Ten sentence frames were then constructed from the NP-biased verbs (‘‘saved,’’inexample1). All words through the second determiner ‘‘the’’ were held constant across both sentences in each frame.
(1a) The curious young boy saved the marble that he found on theplayground.
(1b) The curious young boy saved the insect that he found in his backyard.
Two sentence versions were constructed from each frame. One version included an NP with a noun-likenoun (‘‘marble,’’1a). The other version contained a verb-likenoun (‘‘insect,’’1b). The sentences were presented to participants using a self-paced reading task in which the RT for eachword was recorded.
(...) the noun-like nouns were processed significantly faster than the verb-likenouns
то же самое с глаголами:
(2a) The young girl had tried to amuse herself while waiting for
her mother by working on a crossword puzzle.
(2b) The young girl had tried to ignore the boy that kept on
pulling her hair during recess.
One version included an inf-comp structure with a verb-like target verb (‘‘amuse,’’2a). The other version included an inf-comp with a noun-like target verb (‘‘ignore,’’2b).
Те же результаты.
Возможное возражение о роли орфографии снимаются (нет корреляции с означенными категориями).

Далее (в более традиционном ключе) измеряются реакции на многозначные контексты типа ‘‘I know that the desert trains...’’
- ...could resupply the camps
- ... souldiers to be tough
Выводы авторов (sound symbolism) кажутся мне неинтересными, нет смысла и воспроизводить. Впрочем, статья здесь http://webfile.ru/1059777 (спасибо ambiont )

Разбросанный (диффузный?) характер статистических отличий (см. список 1) говорит скорее о том, что налицо частные проявления какой-то более глубокой закономерности. Похоже, что задействована просодия.
Причем фразу phonological information is useful for lexical categorization надо понимать в динамическом смысле: категории не как навсегда заданные в лексике, а как строящиеся в речевой деятельности. Глагол (bzw. Имя) как конструкт.

По-видимому, существует некая независимая от частеречной принадлежности единица record, а разница между 'record (сущ.)/ re'cord (глаг.) вторична (наличие специализированных суффиксов этому не противоречит).